A hybrid HS-CSS algorithm for simultaneous analysis, design and optimization of trusses via force method

In this paper, a hybrid heuristic method is developed using the harmony search (HS) and charged system search (CSS), called HS-CSS. In this algorithm the use of HS improves the exploitation property of the standard CSS. An energy formulation of the force method is developed and the analysis, design and optimization are performed simultaneously using the standard CSS and HS-CSS. New goal functions are introduced for minimization, and the CSS and the HS-CSS are employed for continuous optimization. An efficient method is introduced using the CSS and HS-CSS for designing structures having members of prescribed stress ratios. Finally, the minimum weight design of truss structures is formulated using the CSS and HS-CSS algorithms and applied to some benchmark problems from literature

Restrict Nearly Semiprime Submodule

أثناء هذا البحث، تكون جميع الحلقات تبادلية وجميع الوحدات أحادية. في هذا البحث، قدمنا ​​مفهوم تقييد الوحدات الفرعية شبه الأولية تقريبًا كتعميم للوحدات الفرعية شبه الأولية وإعطاء بعض الخصائص الأساسية والأمثلة والتشخيصات لهذه المفاهيم ووضعنا بعض الشروط الكافية على تقييد شبه أولي شبه أولي ليكون شبه رئيس.During this search all rings are commutative and all modules are unitary. In this search we introduced the concept of  Restrict Nearly semi-prime Sub-modules as generalization of  semi-prime Sub-modules and give some basic properties, examples and charactarizations of this concepts and stablished some sufficient conditions on Restrict Nearly semi-prime to be semi-prim

The Relationship Between Individual Stock Trading And Returns: The Case Of An Emerging Market

This research investigates the relationship between stock trading of individual investors and returns in short horizon in an emerging market. The results indicate that the individuals would like to invest in stocks after declining in the preceding month prices and they would like to sell after increasing in prices. Moreover, we find that there are positive abnormal returns in the month after high buying by individuals and there are negative abnormal returns following high individuals selling. The result is consistent with the literature that the individuals play roles of liquidity providers because they can meet the institutional need of immediacy

Attitudes, Perceptions, and Tendencies of the Iranian Students in Medical Fields towards Cheating and Academic Dishonesty

      Background and Objectives: Despite universities initiating different controlling systems, cheating is still rampant and a global phenomena. One side of the problem of cheating involves the attitudes, perceptions and tendencies of the university students towards cheating and academic misconduct. The present survey seeks to elaborate on the above aspects among the students at one of the most important universities in Tehran, Iran. Methods and Sample: The study has benefitted from the translated and validated version of the questionnaire used by Lupton and Chapman (2002). The sample included 386 students studying at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU) in Tehran in different fields of medical sciences.  Findings and Discussion: The survey has found some very interesting results on what Iranian university students think of cheating and academic dishonesty, despite all the controlling systems used in assigning homework and initiating mid-term and final exams. Almost 81.1 % of the female students and 85.2 % of male students did not consider “giving the exam answers to someone at the following semester” an act of cheating. Moreover, 72.2 % of students responded that they had not cheated. Interestingly, 65.4 % of the respondents have admitted that they had given information of a previous exam to another student. The results showed that sex did not have any role in cheating and academic dishonesty (p=0.826)

Classification, Formalization and Automatic Verification of Untraceability in RFID Protocols

Résumé Les protocoles sécurité RFID sont des sous-ensembles des protocoles cryptographiques mais avec des fonctions cryptographiques légères. Leur objectif principal est l'identification à l'égard de certaines propriétés de intimité comme la non-traçabilité et la confidentialité de l'avant. La intimité est un point essentielle de la société d'aujourd'hui. Un protocole d'identification RFID devrait non seulement permettre à un lecteur légitime d'authentifier un tag, mais il faut aussi protéger la intimité du tag. Des failles de sécurité ont été découvertes dans la plupart de ces protocoles, en dépit de la quantité considérable de temps et d'efforts requis pour la conception et la mise en œuvre de protocoles cryptographiques. La responsabilité de la vérification adéquate devient cruciale. Les méthodes formelles peuvent jouer un rôle essentiel dans le développement de protocoles de sécurité fiables. Les systèmes critiques qui nécessitent une haute fiabilité tels que les protocoles de sécurité sont difficiles à évaluer en utilisant les tests conventionnels et les techniques de simulation. Cela a eu comme effet de concentrer les recherches sur les techniques de vérification formelle de tels systèmes pour assurer un degré élevé de fiabilité. Par conséquent, certaines recherches ont été faites dans ce domaine, mais une définition explicite de certaines de ces propriétés de sécurité n'ont pas encore été donnée. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de démontrer l'utilisation de méthodes formelles pour analyser les propriétés de intimité du protocole RFID. Plusieurs définitions sont données dans la littérature pour les propriétés non-traçabilité, mais il n'y a pas d'accord sur sa définition exacte. Nous avons introduit trois niveaux différents pour cette propriété en ce qui concerne les expériences de intimité existantes. Nous avons également classé toutes les définitions existantes avec différents points forts de la propriété non-traçabilité dans la littérature. De plus, notre approche utilise spécifiquement les techniques de calculs de processus pi calcul appliqués pour créer un modèle pour un protocole. Nous démontrons les définitions formelles de nos niveaux de non-traçabilité proposées et l'applique à des études de cas sur les protocoles existants.----------Abstract RFID protocols are subsets of cryptographic protocols but with lightweight cryptographic functions. Their main objective is identification with respect to some privacy properties, like anonymity, untraceability and forward secrecy. Privacy is the essential part of today's society. An RFID identification protocol should not only allow a legitimate reader to authenticate a tag but also it should protect the privacy of the tag. Although design and implementation of cryptographic protocols are tedious and time consuming, security flaws have been discovered in most of these protocols. Therefore the responsibility for reliable and proper verification becomes crucial. Formal methods can play an essential role in the development of reliable security protocols. Critical systems which require high reliability such as security protocols are difficult to be evaluated using conventional tests and simulation techniques. This has encouraged the researchers to focus on the formal verification techniques to ensure a high degree of reliability in such systems. In spite of the studies which have been carried out in this field, an explicit definition for some of these security properties is still missing

Determination of IL-6 and CRP in Patients with Type Two - Diabetes Mellitus in Baghdad/ Iraq

يعد داء السكري ((DM Diabetes mellitus المعروف عالميا كمشكلة صحية الذي يؤدي الى الاعتلال و الموت . تتضمن الاضطرابات المناعية للمرض الاستجابة المناعية الخلوية للخلايا اللمفية T- cells التي تساهم في المسار الفسيولوجيPath physiological l لمرض السكري من النوع الثاني (Two- DM)  Diabetes   mellitus . شملت الدراسة (50) فرد تتراوح اعمارهم بين (15-85) سنة الذين حضروا الى مستشفى الكاظمية التعليمي في بغداد وقسمت الافراد الى مجموعتين الاولى تضمنت  (35) مريض  (20 انثى و 15 رجل) والمجموعة الثانية (15) فرد من الاصحاء  كسيطرة . تم فحص انترلوكين 6 - IL و البروتين الفعال C- ((CRP  لكل من مرضى السكري والاصحاء. فقد اشارت الدراسة بعدم وجود اختلاف معنوي(p≥0.05)  بين كل من CRP (-ve-) و CRP (+ve) في الدم السكري وكذلك بوجود اختلاف معنوي (p≥0.05)   في مستويات  الانترلوكين IL 6 - في المرضى السكري والأصحاء. لقد هدفت الدراسة تقييم ومقارنة انترلوكين 6-  ILو البروتين الفعال C- (CRP) في مرضى السكري في المرضى العراقيين في مدينة بغداد.Diabetes mellitus (DM) type Two is a major worldwide health problem leading to an increase mortality and serious morbidity. Immunological disturbances involving the cell mediated immune system and improper-lymphocyte function contributes to the path physiological of type Two- DM. The study consist of 50 subjects, ages ranging between (15-85) years who attended to Al-kazimaih medical hospital in Baghdad/Iraq which divided in to two groups; the first group consists 35 patient  (20 females and 15 male) and the second 15 (5 female and 10 males) normal healthy as a control. The patients with type Two -DM were detected for IL-6 and CRP markers so as for control by ELISA test and agglutination test respectively. The results revealed that’s no significant differences (p≥0.05) between the level of CRP in patients type Two- DM and level of CRP in control. So as there were significant differences (p≤0.05) between the levels of IL-6 concentrations in type Two- DM and control represented by increase of IL- 6 in control than in patients. This study aimed to assess and compare the level of serum IL-6 and CRP in patient of type Two- DM in Iraqi patients in Baghdad city

Improved dynamic connection detection power in estimated dynamic functional connectivity considering multivariate dependencies between brain regions

To estimate dynamic functional connectivity (dFC), the conventional method of sliding window correlation (SWC) suffers from poor performance of dynamic connection detection. This stems from the equal weighting of observations, suboptimal time scale, nonsparse output, and the fact that it is bivariate. To overcome these limitations, we exploited the kernel-reweighted logistic regression (KELLER) algorithm, a method that is common in genetic studies, to estimate dFC in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. KELLER can estimate dFC through estimating both spatial and temporal patterns of functional connectivity between brain regions. This paper compares the performance of the proposed KELLER method with current methods (SWC and tapered-SWC (T-SWC) with different window lengths) based on both simulated and real rs-fMRI data. Estimated dFC networks were assessed for detecting dynamically connected brain region pairs with hypothesis testing. Simulation results revealed that KELLER can detect dynamic connections with a statistical power of 87.35% compared with 70.17% and 58.54% associated with T-SWC (p-value = .001) and SWC (p-value \u3c.001), respectively. Results of these different methods applied on real rs-fMRI data were investigated for two aspects: calculating the similarity between identified mean dynamic pattern and identifying dynamic pattern in default mode network (DMN). In 68% of subjects, the results of T-SWC with window length of 100 s, among different window lengths, demonstrated the highest similarity to those of KELLER. With regards to DMN, KELLER estimated previously reported dynamic connection pairs between dorsal and ventral DMN while SWC-based method was unable to detect these dynamic connections

Dietary Factors in Relation to Helicobacter pylori

Background and Aim. Helicobacter pylori (HP) and diet are both risk factors for gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Helicobacter pylori infection and dietary habits common in Khuzestan province. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011–2013 on 374 patients. Participants were interviewed using a food frequency questionnaire and tissue sample of the antrum was sent for pathology lab. The histopathological major variables were graded on a scale of 3 (mild, moderate, and severe) and data analyzed using nonparametric tests. Results. In this study, of 160 patients (43%) that were determined, 8.1 percent had severe contamination. Among dietary patterns, relationship between energy intake and carbohydrate with H. pylori was significant. A direct association was found between mean daily intakes of sausage (P=0.001) and burgers (P<0.05) with HP infection. Low intake of fresh vegetables and fruits was the most significant risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion. There is a possibility that some dietary factors such as consumption of fast foods and low intake of fresh vegetables may increase the chance of HP and severity of this infection

A Cure Rate Model with Discrete Frailty on Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients after Diagnosis

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon cancer of lymphocytes, characterized by cancerous Reed-Sternberg cells in an inflammatory background. HL is an exceptionally curable disease with combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combined modality treatment. This analysis aimed to identify significant prognostic factors on the cure rate. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 110 patients hospitalized from 2007 up to 2014 with 18 months follow-up was retrospectively reviewed in Taleghani hospital of Tehran, Iran. The survival time was set as the time interval between diagnosis and a patient's death from HL. Also, if the cure rate was present in survival, data encompasses zero frailty. Thus, using hyper-Poisson (hP) distribution as discrete frailty, the unobserved heterogeneity and random effects were accounted for. Results: The estimated cure fraction was 81.2%, which was obtained after 2717 days (7.4 years). In noncured cases, the mean survival time was 1535 days (4.2 years). Also, the five and ten-year survival rates were 0.91 and 0.80, respectively. After diagnosis, results revealed that patients with age &nbsp;45, hemoglobin &nbsp;12, WBC &nbsp;15000, and BMI &nbsp;30 were associated with poor outcome by using simple analysis. More importantly, there is no significant difference between males and females in the cure of HL patients. Conclusion: As expected, the study indicated that a high proportion of HL patients got cured. A cure rate model with discrete frailty utilization provided a suitable way to account for heterogeneity among HL patients. &nbsp